Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni are some of the common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. LPS Cytotoxic, invasion of tissue and cellular damage, immunosuppressive action Base tested with Pseudomonas CN selektiv supplement art. Genus Characteristics Type III secretion system (exoenzymes S, T, U and Y) To 500ml of agar base cooled to 50C add the contents of 1 vial of Pseudomonas CN Supplement (SR0102) rehydrated as directed. Il terreno MacConkey viene utilizzato per isolare selettivamente i microorganismi appartenenti alla famiglia delleEnterobacteriaceae, e per differenziare i coliformi dagli enterobatteri patogeni non fermentanti il lattosio. P. aeruginosa occurs in both rough and smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) forms (Sadovskaya etal. Commercial selective media are available for P. aeruginosa and usually contain cetrimide, acetamide, nitrofurantoin, or 9-chloro-9(4-diethylaminophenyl)-9,10-dihydro-10-phenylacridine hydrochloride. General information. MAC is essentially a versatile foundation, in which additional substrates, such as sorbitol, can be incorporated for further differentiation. All bacteria were cocci-shaped except a few bacilli. Pili Check turbidity and subculture on solid media like blood agar and MacConkey agar. The genus Pseudomonas was originally organized into five major species clusters (rRNA homology groups). Rhamnolipid (haemolysin with lecithinase activity) Ramanan P, Bryson AL, Binnicker MJ, Pritt BS, Patel R. Syndromic Panel-Based Testing in Clinical Microbiology. Certolizumab Pegol e il suo ruolo contro il TNFa, Obesit in et pediatrica: una patologia da non sottovalutare, 28 febbraio 1953: 70 anni fa la scoperta del DNA, Colonie piatte e rosa con aloni rosa scuro (dato dalla precipitazione dei sali biliari), Colonie rosa senza precipitazione di sali biliari, Parzialmente o completamente inibito. Pseudomonas fluorescens - information sheet - Canada.ca Glanders is now rare as there has been considerable success in the global eradication of this disease, principally owing to the fact that B. mallei is an obligate parasite with a restricted host range and, in addition, effective tests are available to detect carriers of the infection. PDF 60786 King Agar B (Pseudomonas Agar; F Agar; Pseudomonas Agar (for Pseudomonas can grow at wide ranges of temperature; the optimum temperature is 37 C. It can grow on ordinary media like nutrient agar and grows almost on all the culture media used routinely in the bacteriology lab. 2001). MacConkey agar (MAC) is a bacterial culture medium named after bacteriologist Alfred T. MacConkey (1861-1931). 2004). It was stored in the refrigerator. They have a predilection for aqueous environments, surviving well in them. Some strains of P. aeruginosa do not produce pigments and are highly mucoid. disciogliere 50g di terreno in polvere in un litro dacqua distillata fredda; portare ad ebollizione sotto agitazione e quindi mettere in autoclave a 121C per 15 minuti; estrarre, lasciar raffreddare (fino a circa 50C) e quindi versare in piastre sterili. Typically in a clinical setting, the collected sample is placed on a panel of many growth media for identification and isolation of bacterial cultures. It is nonsporeforming and is motile by one or more flagella. To Prepare Pseudomonas CN Agar. 3) per essere sottoposte alle prove biochimiche quali il test dellossidasi, il test di fermentazione/ossidazione degli zuccheri. are motile due to one (e.g. The diagnostic potential is immense. The skin form is also characterized by the formation of tubercle-like nodules, usually along the cutaneous lymphatics, which frequently ulcerate. I am doing my project work on Isolation, Characterization and Bioefficacy studies of Pseudomonas Spp. The selective action of this medium is attributed to crystal violet and bile salts, which are inhibitory to most species of gram-positive bacteria but not all. grazie mille. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is found infrequently as part of the microbial flora of healthy animals. Neutral red is a pH indicator that turns from off-white to bright red/pink as the pH drops below 6.8. Elastase (LasB and LasA) Add 10ml of glycerol and boil to dissolve completely. However, selective media which inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa is recommanded for the recovery of B. pseudomallei (Ashdown agar or broth with colistin) and B. cepacia (PC, OFPBL, and BCSA agars). 18.6). (1, 6, and 10) In these animals, it can be found on skin and mucous membranes, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei are among the most dangerous bacteria to work with in a laboratory. 18.4) in varying combinations and amounts. are identified as nonlactase fermenters. Non -lactose fermenter colonies on MacConkey agar. After overnight incubation at 37C, check the growth of the organisms and colony morphology. Yellow or grey nodules occur on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Some strains produce all four pigments. 1972; Palleroni 1993; Kersters et al. Clinical microbiologists must be trained with a thorough understanding of the principles to run the tests, interpret the results, and report the findings. Predisposing causes include trauma to tissue (burns and wounds), debilitation due to malignancy or immunodeficiency and an imbalance in the normal flora, often caused by antibiotic therapy. Pseudomonas putida alesha & gwen - microbewiki - Kenyon College They grow well on standard broth and solid media such as blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar, which are recommended to isolate Pseudomonas species from clinical specimens. please did you have notes on other media, their composition, uses, preparation and their appearances /colour after culturing. Preparation of MacConkey Agar Weigh and suspend 50 grams of MacConkey agar powder in 1 Litre of purified water and mix thoroughly. MacConkey agar is considered a useful selective medium for the recovery of most of the Pseudomonas species. Batterio gram-negativo e aerobio obbligato, Pseudomonas fluorescens (fig.1) presenta un metabolismo molto versatile, lo possiamo trovare nel suolo e nelle acque superficiali. MacConkey agar (MAC) was the first solid differential media to be formulatedwhichwas developed at 20th century by Alfred Theodore MacConkey. Other virulence factors of note include the ability to form a biofilm, adherence and the ability to invade respiratory epithelial cells (Di Bonaventura etal. Table 18.1 The respiratory tract is the most common site of infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces large, pale colonies on MacConkey agar (unable to utilize lactose) with greenish-blue pigment superimposed (Fig. Few microorganisms are necessary to cause this contagious disease. Damage to tissues of the lungs and blood vessels Pyorubin and pyomelanin are less commonly produced, develop slowly and are seen best by growing the strains on nutrient agar slants at room temperature for up to two weeks. The typical lesions are nodules which may suppurate and can form in any tissue, including the brain. 18.4) in varying combinations and amounts. In intensive care units, testing multi-drug resistance in gram-negative bacteria is an important surveillance measure. Burkholderia species will also grow on MacConkey agar, with the exception of B. mallei. Introduction. Ps. The Origin of MacConkey Agar - ASM.org can be differentiated by following cultivation on Mac Conkey Agar (Cat. Update: Delayed Onset <I>Pseudomonas fluorescens </I>Bloodstream Yellow or grey nodules occur on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. This is a limitation of this particular growth medium. Related The incubation period is frequently prolonged and disease signs may appear months or even years after infection. Clinical significance. 1989; Swain etal. The assessment is summarized in this information sheet and has not changed. Few microorganisms are necessary to cause this contagious disease. Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas species are non-fastidious and will grow on trypticase soy agar, 5% blood agar, chocolate agar and on less complex media. Pseudomonas Fluorescens: Motility, Group & Characteristics Burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of glanders, a disease of livestock that particularly affects horses, mules, and donkeys (Table 18.1). Only gold members can continue reading. Therefore, they are able to hold the counter-stain, safranin . Il MacConkey contiene inoltre come unica fonte energetica illattosio: ci permette quindi la distinzione tra batteri fermentanti il lattosio e batteri che non fermentano questo zucchero. Pseudomonas fluorescens MacConkey colonies 27.jpg 1,800 1,800; 1.51 MB Pseudomonas fluorescens on Citrate agar.jpg 682 682; 161 KB Pseudomonas fluorescens on TY agar (UV light).JPG 2,256 1,496; 516 KB Pseudomonas fluorescens on TY agar (white light).JPG 2,256 1,496; 369 KB 2001) and one of the factors facilitating its persistence in the body. MAC contributes to the identification of the causal agent by providing lactose-fermentation profiles in gram-negative species. MacConkey agar is used for the isolation of gram-negative enteric bacteria and the differentiation of lactose fermenting from lactose non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. A single prokaryotic, flagellated "P. putida F1" organism. The type III secretion system consists of bacterial proteins which act as a syringe to deliver cytotoxins into the cytoplasm of host cells. 2004). Ps. The toxins include a lethal factor with anticoagulant activity and a skin-necrotizing proteolytic agent. A medium that can perform this function is now known as a selective medium. Pyoverdin, once called fluorescin, will fluoresce under ultra-violet light. In animals, infections are usually systemic and chronic but acute disease with terminal septicaemia may occur. Infections occur via contaminated food or water, from aerosols and contact with contaminated ground via skin abrasions or wounds. The disease usually occurs in tropical regions between 20 northern and southern latitudes but melioidosis has been reported in localized areas of France, Iran, China and the USA. no. I got the HI MEDIA Biochemical test results as follows: Citrate test +ve, Lysine +ve, Ornithine +ve, Urease +ve, Phenylalanine deamination -ve, Nitrate reduction -ve, H2S Production +ve, Glucose -ve, Adonitol-ve, Lactose -ve, Arabinose +ve, Sorbitol-ve. 2001, Matchett etal. The genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) represents the rRNA homology group 1 with the type species Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is the most important veterinary pathogen in the genus Pseudomonas followed by P. fluorescens. Health risk associated with eating fish from brackish water no. [2]MacConkey agar contains the essential nutrients required for microorganism growth. Colony morphology of Pseudomonas fluorescens, after 24 hrs growth on In horses, the disease is usually chronic and can be carried for many years before clinical signs appear. Transmission occurs from infected animals via contaminated food and water and less commonly from aerosols and infection of wounds. 2003) including P. fluorescens (septicaemia in rainbow trout and Tilapia and necrotizing hepatitis in pet birds), P. putida (endotoxic shock in a cynomolgous macaque) and B. cepacia, formerly P. cepacia (outbreak of subclinical mastitis in a flock of dairy sheep). These bacteria are strict aerobes, non-spore-forming, oxidative, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive (except P. oryzihabitans, P. luteola and the genus Stenotrophomonas) and most are motile by one or several polar flagella (except B. mallei). Strains of P. aeruginosa produce the water-soluble diffusible pigments pyocyanin (blue, phenazine pigment), pyoverdin (water-soluble yellow-green or yellow-brown pigment), pyorubin (red) and pyomelanin (dark brown) (Fig. Pseudomonas fluorescens oxygen requirements: Obligate aerobes All bacteria are characterized into one of five different groups based on their general shape. These shapes include spherical, rod . Pseudomonas fluorescens is represented by seven biotypes denoted by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, and G (Stanier et al. Pseudomonas fluorescens: - Annals of Microbiology (2015). Can Pseudomonas fluorescens grow on MacConkey agar? - Answers 1996 ). Main virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cool to 45-50C. Pseudomonas (green rot) (pink rod) (black rot) (colorless rot) Pseudomonas fluorescens . Am a foods, nutrition & dietetics student currently on practicum in a dairy factory. Burkholderia mallei is a host-adapted pathogen, causing glanders (pulmonary and nasal forms) or farcy (the skin form) in the Equidae population. Genomic analysis of B. mallei has identified a number of putative virulence factors. Many health care professionals are involved in this process, and proper communication and coordination will enhance patient-centered care, improve outcomes, patient safety, and enhance team performance. Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from an elderly immunocompromized patient with fever. Some strains of Proteus may swarm on this medium. Is it possible to get a colorless bacterial lawn of E. coli on Macconkey agar? Il kit miniaturizzato pi utilizzato API 20NE (No-Enterobatteriaceae) della Biomeriux (fig.5), formato da gallerie di 20 microtubi contenenti diversi substrati disidratati ai quali verr aggiunta la sospensione batterica. No. Commercial selective media are available for P. aeruginosa and usually contain cetrimide, acetamide, nitrofurantoin, or 9-chloro-9(4-diethylaminophenyl)-9,10-dihydro-10-phenylacridine hydrochloride. http://tesi.cab.unipd.it/44793/1/Don%C3%A0_Alberto.pdf. Fish consumption is good for . Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species are medium-sized (0.51m 1.55m) straight or slightly curved Gram-negative rods. Even within lactose-fermenters, species will show a varying rate of growth. 2001) and one of the factors facilitating its persistence in the body. Neutral red is a pH indicator that turns red at a pH below 6.8 and is colorless at any pH greater than 6.8. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rarely involved in primary disease. The genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) represents the rRNA homology group 1 with the type species Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is the most important veterinary pathogen in the genus Pseudomonas followed by P. fluorescens. 2007). In addition to animal exposure, cases of human-to-human transmission have been reported. Comprovata esperienza in tecniche analitiche per la ricerca di indicatori di igiene di processo e sicurezza (alimentare e ambientale). Ps. This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Pseudomonas | Bacteriological characters | Culture | Identification Pseudomonas CFC/CN agar (base) | 107620 - Merck Millipore fluorescence. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is classified as a member of the fluorescent pseudomonad group which produce pyoverdin. The green-blue pyocyanin pigment is most obvious in areas of heaviest growth. are thin, rod-shaped, non spore-forming gram-negative bacilli with a guanine/cytosine content of 57-68 mol%. This bacterium is a highly pathogenic microorganism for both humans and animals. Pseudomonas fluorescens is an unusual cause of disease in humans, and usually affects patients with compromised immune systems (e.g., patients on cancer treatment). University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. MacConkey agar with bile salt- Selective for gram-negative bacteria but . From 306 nonlactose fermenting cultures screened under the ultraviolet light, 108 fluorescent isolates were obtained. This makes MAC a powerful tool in differentiating and isolating bacterial species from the sample source. Questa pagina stata modificata per l'ultima volta il13 apr 2021 alle 23:50. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic. Functions A major function of this secretion system is to secrete virulence-associated proteins into target cells of the host organism. A species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsically advanced antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and its association with . Lactose fermentation will produce acidic byproducts that lower the pH, and this turns the pH indicator to pink. They are common course of food contamination. Si aggiunge cfc supplement per rendere il terreno maggiormente selettivo.LAcido Fusidico inibisce i Gram-positivi e la Cefaloridina un antibiotico a largo spettro. P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, P. oryzihabitans; Figure 181-1) or more polar flagella (e.g. Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 8th Edition, Revision A, 1998. Red colonies and medium, indicative of an alkaline reaction, are seen on brilliant green (Fig. Pseudomonas species and other Non-Glucose Fermenters Bacteriology - Identification | ID 17 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 13.04.15 | Page: 8 of 41 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Suggested Citation for this Document Public Health England. Pseudomonas has been seen to grow in distilled water, also. However, direct microscopy of Gram-stained smears with B. pseudomallei will often reveal small Gram-negative bacilli with bipolar staining, safety pin appearance. P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. luteola). These virulence factors all play a role in disease pathogenesis (Table 18.2). Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Burkholderia species have a worldwide distribution. LPS is involved in adherence and invasion and its lipid A part mediates inflammation and tissue damage. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is part of the normal microflora of the mouth and cloacae of healthy snakes (Hejnar etal. In questo terreno, infatti, sono presenti sia il cristalvioletto che i sali biliari i quali sono in grado di inibire la crescita dei batteri Gram positivi (ed anche quella dei Gram negativi pi esigenti dal punto di vista nutrizionale). However, cases of human-to-human transmission have been reported. Sterilize by autoclaving at 121C for 15 minutes. ( Its capsular polysaccharide is reported as a major virulence factor (DeShazer etal. MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 species. Interestingly, pyocyanin can colour pus and stain wool a greenish blue. Directions. 28.2: Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nutrient agar showing greenish . It is used for the isolation of coliforms and intestinal pathogens in water, dairy products and biological specimens. Asante sana (thank you much) for your post. These will be varied and will depend on the clinical signs and lesions. These may also be atypical in certain biochemical reactions, making them difficult to identify. The section in this information sheet entitled "Preventive actions and reducing risk" communicates updates in risk . Some of the saprophytic Pseudomonas species, such as P. fluorescens grow extremely poorly, or not at all, at 37C and 30C is often the upper temperature limit of their growth range. Initially couldnt understand this MacConkey that i encountered in the microbiology lab but now i can understand its uses. It also protects the bacterium from phagocytosis. Selective agar containing inhibitors such as cetrimide can also be used for isolation and presumptive identification. Human disease cases can present as localized, suppurative cutaneous infections, pulmonary infections, bloodstream infections or suppurative chronic infections of the skin. MacConkey Agar: Composition, Uses, Colony Characteristics - Microbe Online Mix well before pouring into sterile Petri plates. Pseudomonas putida in Cetrimide Agar. While working for the 'Royal Commission' on sewage disposal, his role was to inspect drinking water sources for gram negative enteric organisms. Family: Pseudomonadaceae. Pseudomonas Media and Tests - Sigma-Aldrich As pyocyanin is unique to P. aeruginosa this is an important diagnostic characteristic although strains vary in the amount of the pigment they produce. Pyorubin and pyomelanin are less commonly produced, develop slowly and are seen best by growing the strains on nutrient agar slants at room temperature for up to two weeks. However, this classification has undergone revision and Pseudomonas species have now been reclassified into many different genera. Isolated from soil, plants, water surfaces, rarely from clinical samples. P. fluorescens was recovered from port catheters in 17 (81%) of 21 patients, from blood cultures in 15 (79%) of 19 patients, and from both blood and catheter cultures in four (33%) of 12 patients. Humans and members of the cat family are susceptible with occasional infections in dogs, goats, sheep and camels. This organism grew well on the TSA agar, LB broth and LB agar but was otherwise slow to grow in other mediums used in lab. However, cases of human-to-human transmission have been reported. Thank you sir for your excellent notes, it really guides me in the treatment plant where im working as a microbiologist in the lab. In a preferred embodiment, selective growth of P. fluorescens is effected by the combination of Irgasan, carbenicillin and nitrofurantoin in a bacteriological medium comprising suitable nutrients for its growth. As P. aeruginosa is resistant to many antimicrobials, it frequently causes infection in animals undergoing antibiotic treatment or in immunocompromised hosts. A pure bacterial culture remains crucialto assess its virulence, its susceptibility to antibiotic therapy, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. The present invention provides methods and compositions for the specific detection of Pseudomonas fluorescens and for the selective growth of this bacterium. Growth promotion test in accordance with the current version of DIN EN ISO 11133. Some strains have colonies with a distinctive metallic sheen (Fig. Tissue damage, stimulation of inflammatory mediators The process of fermentation produces acid which is detected by a phenol red indicator. Studies have indicated that virulence of selected B. pseudomallei isolates is variable and dependent on factors such as iron bioavailability, inoculum size and host risk factors (Ulett etal. Virulence factors such as capsular material, LuxI and LuxR quorum-sensing signals, a possible antigenic variation system and a type III secretion system have been reported for B. mallei. 2001, Matchett etal. 2000). Burkholderia mallei once had a wide geographical distribution but now is mainly seen in China and Mongolia with pockets of infection in India, Iraq, Turkey and the Philippines. Pseudomonas spp. As pyocyanin is unique to P. aeruginosa this is an important diagnostic characteristic although strains vary in the amount of the pigment they produce. Malleobactin is a siderophore involved in iron acquisition (Alice etal. Virulence factors such as capsular material, LuxI and LuxR quorum-sensing signals, a possible antigenic variation system and a type III secretion system have been reported for B. mallei. Pseudomonas fluorescens is one such proven biological control agent. Pls what is the colour of salmonella spp on MacConkey agar. What agar does Pseudomonas grow? - Sage-Answer Table 18.2 putida (6). 18.1). In addition to Pseudomonas, two of these genera are of significance in veterinary medicine: Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas. Red colonies and medium, indicative of an alkaline reaction, are seen on brilliant green (Fig. fluorescens deriva dalla capacit di tale microrganismo di rilasciare, in ambienti con carenza di ferro, un pigmento solubile fluorescente chiamato Pioverdina che agisce da sideroforo. Flagella provide motility and act as adhesins to mucin and respiratory epithelial cells. Additional key components includecrystal violet dye, bile salts, lactose, and neutral red (a pH indicator). Record observations here on the growth and appearance of the three bacteria on MacConkey agar. 1966 ). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative, non-sporing motile rod P. aeruginosaproduces large, flat, spreading colonies which are often haemolytic and usually pigment-producing. I am samiksha working as a microbiologist in ferm we are using macconkeys agar for water pathogen testing some times we found some submerged precipitation like something but not grow when subculture, in macconkeys agar plate after 60 to 72 hrs of incubation at 30 to 35 degrees incubation. Pseudomonas - bacterial genus - microbiology dictionary - Hardy Diagnostics validated cycle. Allow the medium to cool to 50C. Capaci di produrre una vasta quantit di enzimi, proteasi, lipasi e lecitinasi, in grado di alterare le caratteristiche organolettiche degli alimenti, tali batteri rappresentano una causa importante delle alterazioni alimentari. The epidemiology of the infection and the di Pseudomonas fluorescens strain NCTC 10038 is a whole-genome sequenced bacterial type strain. It is likely that variation in simple sequence repeats in key genes provide a mechanism for generating antigenic variation. Weak lactose fermenters will form colonies slower than the rest. I batteri che fermentano il lattosio si presentano sotto forma di colonie con varie sfumature di rosso poich producono acidi misti che fanno scendere il pH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that infects burns, wounds, surgical incisions and sites of catheterization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa- An Overview - Microbe Notes Koneman's - Testo-atlante di microbiologia diagnostica, https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agar_MacConkey&oldid=119914414, licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo, batteri fortemente fermentanti il lattosio che producono colonie rosse con un'area circostante di precipitazione dei sali biliari (ad esempio, batteri fermentanti il lattosio seguendo la via 2,3-butilenglicole producono colonie rosse senza la precipitazione dei sali biliari (ad esempio, batteri debolmente fermentanti il lattosio che formano colonie che possono apparire, dopo 24 ore, incolore per poi diventare lievemente rosate tra le 24 e le 48 ore (ad esempio. A selective medium for B. mallei can be made by adding 1000 units polymyxin E, 1250 units bacitracin and 0.25mg actidione to 100mL of trypticase soy agar. [3] MAC is one of the widely used growth media as it can work to selectively grow gram-negative bacteria and further differentiate them based on their fermentation profile. Burkholderia mallei once had a wide geographical distribution but now is mainly seen in China and Mongolia with pockets of infection in India, Iraq, Turkey and the Philippines. The skin form is also characterized by the formation of tubercle-like nodules, usually along the cutaneous lymphatics, which frequently ulcerate. The growth of B. mallei is enhanced by 1% glycerol. Gould's S1 agar plates were made not later than the day before in order to preserve the level of antibiotics (storage in a refrigerator produces a problematic coating on the plates). * Adjusted as required to meet performance standards. MacConkey agar is used for the isolation of gram-negative enteric bacteria. In humans, the clinical signs of melioidosis (also referred to as Whitmores disease) vary greatly from an asymptomatic presentation to a fatal septicaemia. Natural habitat. [1] The selective and differentiating properties of MacConkey agar enables utilization for both research and clinical applications. Altogether, MacConkey agar only grows gram-negative bacteria, and those bacteria will appear differently based on their lactose fermenting ability as well as the rate of fermentation and the presence of a capsule or not. Based on the physiological characteristic, the bacteria had optimal temperature for growth with the range of 25-35C, optimal pH 7-8, and able to solubilize phosphate, nitrification,. Treatment with ceftazidime was successful, after empirical therapy failed. MacConkey agar is a selective and differentiating agar that only grows gram-negative bacterial species; it can further differentiate the gram-negative organisms based on their lactose metabolism.