[62], In 2000, the Navy was conducting investigations in regard and connected to the loss of two Blue Angels pilots in October 1999. [64] At the next performance at Lackland Air Force Base following the announcement the No. He's one of the Top 10 most sought-after keynote speakers and trainers on leadership, performance, teamwork and trust. 3 A-4F fighter, and returned to command the Blue Angels in 1995 and 1996. Okay, okay, okay, the pilot mumbled as he regained consciousness. John Foley is an American billionaire and business executive who co-founded Peloton. A belief system that is rooted in gratitude and appreciation for self and others while realizing a purpose greater than self. What separates the best of the best and makes for elite teams? 0000005529 00000 n To survive in those circumstances he relied on a culture of high trust, leadership and teamwork. Other officers in the squadron include a naval flight officer who serves as the events coordinator, three USMC C-130 pilots, an executive officer, a maintenance officer, a supply officer, a public affairs officer, an administrative officer, and a flight surgeon. Whether a "glass ceiling" that resulted in the Blues going decades without a . [53][54] The Blues mission was more on Navy recruiting. They do not wear G-suits because the air bladders inside repeatedly deflate and inflate, interfering with that stability. The first female Blue Angel flight surgeon was Lt. Tamara Schnurr, who was a member of the 2001 team.
Blue Angels name first woman to serve as demonstration pilot - USA TODAY And he did not disappoint, receiving thunderous applause as he offered behind-the-scenes film clips of his time as a Blue Angel, his job entailing flying a jet up to 700 miles an hour within a wingspan of an approaching jet. In 1957, the Blue Angels transitioned from the F9F-8 Cougar to the supersonic Grumman F11F-1 Tiger. Eighteen inches apart. The squadron (due to a shortage of pilots, and no available planes) and its members were ordered to "combat-ready status" after an exhibition at Naval Air Station, Dallas, Texas on 30 July. This aircraft is said to have been inspired by one of the Spike Jones' Murdering the Classics series of musical satires, set to the tune (in part) of the William Tell Overture as a thoroughbred horse race scene, with "Beetle Bomb" being the "trailing horse" in the lyrics. 0000001613 00000 n 0000040681 00000 n He is the former lead solo pilot of the Blue Angels, Bestselling Author of Fearless Success, an expert in the How of High Performance teams and 'The Guru of Gratitude.' As a Blue Angel, Foley consistently performed in an extreme, high-stakes environment, flying at speeds of more than 500 miles per hour in formations as close as 18 inches apart.
#gladtobehere | Applied Product Management Leadership In 1986, LCDR Donnie Cochran, joined the Blue Angels as the first African-American Naval Aviator to be selected. Beginning in 1975, "Bert" was used for Jet Assisted Take Off (JATO) and short aerial demonstrations just prior to the main event at selected venues, but the JATO demonstration ended in 2009 due to dwindling supplies of rockets. The demonstration team (with added Angel 6) wore gold flight suits during the first air show that season.
Former Blue Angels Lead Pilot Inspires Integrators to Soar to Top of We help you cultivate greater teamwork, leadership, trust, and performance from everyone in your organization. Animal testing is ineffective and extremely cruel because science has improved and animal testing may not transfer effectively to humans. This is what it was, everybody, we ran around the table, and it started with the boss. [citation needed]. In 1958, the first Six-Plane Delta Maneuvers were added that season. Control sticks are tensioned with 40 pounds (18kg) of force to allow the pilot minimal room for non-commanded movement of the aircraft. In 1954, the first Marine Corps pilot, Captain Chuck Hiett, joined the Navy flight demonstration team. John Foley has been recognized as one of the top 10 most in demand speakers and trainers in the world. Section High-Alpha Pass: (tail sitting), the show's slowest maneuver, Solos Pass to Rejoin, Diamond flies a loop, Loop Break Cross Delta Break (After the break the aircraft separate in six different directions, perform half. Our dynamic video series enables our members to share their thought leadership, opinions, and best practices with our global network. Foley, John FrancisThe Angels came down from heaven on April 11, 2021 to collect for repose the soul of John Francis Foley, age 21. All rights reserved. [67], On 21 April 2007, pilot Kevin "Kojak" Davis was killed and eight people on the ground were injured when Davis lost control of the No. Lt. Larry Watters 14 February 1972: killed when his F-4J Phantom II struck the ground, upright, while practicing inverted flight, during winter training at NAF El Centro. 6 Low transition/Immelman, Diamond 360 Aircraft 1-4 in their signature 18-inch wingtip-to-canopy diamond formation, Diamond Roll entire diamond formation rolls as a single entity, Opposing Inverted to Inverted Rolls 5 and 6, Diamond Aileron Roll all four diamond jets perform simultaneous. Foley decided he wanted to be a Blue Angel at 12, after his dad took him to an air show. Alexander joined the Blue Angels in August 2022. [33] On 13 July, the team acquired, and began flying the straight-wing Grumman F9F-2B Panther between demonstration shows. To be part of the Blue Angels meant that you not only had to be the 1% but .01% of pilots in the Navy. March 16, 2014", "US Navy Blue Angels 1st Air Show in 2014 on March 15 at El Centro California", "Harley Hall:Vietnam POW (wearing BA gold flight suit-1971)", "History of the Blue Angels/Significant Events in Blue Angels History, 1970s", "Seventy Years Strong: The U.S. Navy's Blue Angels", "Flight Teams, 1950 (Flight Leader John Magda, second from right)", "A Blue Angel's First Combat Flight at Midway", "Former Blue Angels pilot tells what inspired him to fly", 2 Blue Angels found guilty, await punishment, "A (Potentially) Disgraced Angel (updated)", "Blue Angels Lynchburg Va. 2011 was this the problem formation?
Hire John Foley to Speak | Speaking Fee | Key Speakers Bureau Capt. 4 USMC Maj. Clint Harris and the administrative officer, Navy Lt. Gretchen Doane. Selections must be unanimous. 0000041995 00000 n John was amazing! The first four pilots and those after them, were and are some of the best and most experienced aviators in the Navy.[33]. As soon as John saw the Blue Angels perform as a child, he dreamed of doing the same. Everyone in that cockpit is highly trained, highly committed, he said. [43][44][45] After summer, the team began demonstrating with F9F-6 Cougar. Everyone gave it their best shot, then they finished it off by going to a bar and toasting one another, Foley said. But he did it. Kevin J. Davis 21 April 2007: Capt. Lt. Nile Kraft (Opposing Solo) 22 February 1977: killed when his Skyhawk struck the ground during practice. The thing I find frightening about that is thats normal. The Blue Angels, the US Navy's elite flight demonstration squadron, has selected the first female fighter jet demonstration pilot for their upcoming season. [68], In 2009, the Blue Angels were inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.[69]. The Blue Angels use a United States Marine Corps Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules, nicknamed "Fat Albert", for their logistics, carrying spare parts, equipment, and to carry support personnel between shows. John's presentation was entertaining, inspiring, and riveting. There is no greater keynote on the planet than John Gucci Foley. It is secretive, pervasive and profitable. [70] The maneuver was aborted, the remainder of the demonstration canceled and all aircraft landed safely. 0000037616 00000 n To the crowds at the air shows and to the public at hospitals and schools nationwide, you are a symbol of the Navy and Marine Corps' finest. 55 0 obj July 16, 2019 - Blue Angel John Foley and Persuasive Speaking John Rayner Ronald Thompson 18 February 1967: killed when his F-11A Tiger struck the ground during a practice formation loop. Sir John Foley (British Army officer) (born 1939), former Chief of Defence Intelligence and Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey John D. Foley (1918-1999), American bomber gunner in World War II John H. Foley (1839-1874), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient John Foley (major) (1813-1881), Irish-born soldier and merchant Religion [ edit] I was thinking, How high, how fast can I take this jet? he recalled. John 'Gucci' Foley, the legendary Blue Angel's lead solo pilot, has perfected the art of inspiring and instructing organizations big and small to achieve more using the very practices he learned and mastered with the Blue Angels. endobj The cause of death was blunt force trauma to the head. Kieron O'Connor and Lt. Kevin Colling 28 October 1999: flying in the back seat and front seat of a Hornet, both were killed after striking the ground during circle and arrival maneuvers in. They said, generally, here's what I thought about the evolution. Larry (Hoss) Pearson reportedly was caught having a relationship with a subordinate officer", "Three-Time Blue Angels Boss Greg Wooldridge Launches Campaign for Governor", "Blue Angels Commander Cleared in Navy Scandal", "Freedom of Information Act Request: Russell Bartlett FOIA navy record", "Mannix Relieves Foley as Blue Angel's Commanding Officer", "Blue Angels boss prepares to turn over flying team", "Division of Leadership Education and Development Capt Ryan Bernacchi, USN", "Combat pilot in two wars led Blue Angels", "Smyrna Blue Angels fatal crash one of few in history; last in '07", "Blue Angels crash artifacts found 50 years later", "Narragansett Bay June 4, 1971 (May 30, 2015)", "Blue Angels Pilot Ejects Before Plane Crashes", "Pensacola son remembers father a Navy pilot and Blue Angel 50-year after tragic death", "Harley Hall:Vietnam POW (wearing gold flight suit-1971)", "Mythbusters Episode Features Blue Angels, June 10", "My incredible flight aboard the Blue Angels" By Charles Atkeison, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Angels&oldid=1139358024, Fat Albert (C-130) high-performance takeoff (Low Transition), Fat Albert Parade Pass (The plane banks around the front of the crowd. In the digital age, innovation and transformation surrounds us. Navy and Marine Corps F/A-18 demonstration pilots and naval flight officers are required to have a minimum of 1,250 tactical jet hours and be carrier-qualified. [83], In July 2015, Cmdr Bob Flynn became the Blue Angels' first executive officer. 0000001089 00000 n Another time, Foley said, he was asked to test an F-18 that had had repair work by taking it to the limit. Diamond Dirty Loop the diamond flies a loop with all four jets in carrier landing configuration, Minimum Radius Turn highest G maneuver (No. 1971, Foley received the Bachelor of Science in Engineering from Georgia Tech and the Master of. It is critical that new officers fit the existing culture and team dynamics. It's part of his mission to connect a shared purpose larger than self with every organization. /ID[<6055BA726695BBFFF061AA96BEFDAD09><167C5262ECE2C10FACE82B2AB5040B31>] It took him eighteen years to accomplish his dream, but it came with a cost. xc```b`` ( l@EAa |X Unified alignment collapses barriers, and creates a powerful culture of action. In 1967, the Blues toured Europe again, at six sites. Flight surgeons serve a two-year term. 01:18:45. This demonstration not only was the last JATO performance of the squadron, but also the final JATO use of the U.S. Marine Corps. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:38, Experimental Aircraft Association AirVenture Oshkosh (Oshkosh Air Show), List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons, "Show Information And Schedules, 2019 Show Schedule", "Blue Angels: Frequently Asked Questions", "Navy's Blue Angels Announce New Pilots, Officers for 2019", "Blue Angels fly into age of budget woes", "Boeing to convert F/A-18 E/Fs into Blue Angels", "Blue Angels transition to Super Hornets ahead of 75th anniversary", U.S. Navy Blue Angels |Frequently Asked Questions, #9, "Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron Pilots, 2000 Season", "Blue Angels name first woman to serve as demonstration pilot", "Butch Voris and the Blue Angels", US Navy Blue Angels website, "Blue Angels fly over St. George, thunder over Dixie", "Wearing Gold: The Blue Angels Return To The Skies.
PDF John Foley - Biography - Pscu )", "Navy Relieves Commander of Miramar Air Station: Military: Capt. [16], Applicants "rush" the team at one or more airshows, paid out of their own finances, and sit in on team briefs, post-show activities, and social events. The highest speed flown during an air show is 700mph (just under Mach 1) and the lowest speed, is 126mph (110 knots) during Section High Alpha with the new Super Hornet (about 115 knots with the old "Legacy" Hornet). [27], The Blue Angels demonstration teams began wearing leather jackets and special colored flight suits with the Blue Angels insignia, in 1952. Blue Angel precision is built on a solid foundation of teamwork around a common objective or CenterPoint. John Foley. We called ourselves ambassadors of good will The fun part was not the flying but going into the crowd meeting the kids.. [66] The names of the two members involved were later released on the Pensacola News Journal website/forum as pilot No. % 0000010497 00000 n As a Blue Angel, John consistently performed in an extreme, high-stakes environment, flying at speeds of more than 500 miles per hour in formations as close as 18 inches apart. [citation needed]. The Blue Angels is a flight demonstration squadron of the United States Navy. Skip Umstead (Team Leader), Capt. Marine Corps C-130 demonstration pilots are required to have 1,200 flight hours and be an aircraft commander. Moseley ejected safely and Moneymaker was able to land his airplane, which then required a complete right wing replacement. Jeff Kuss was replaced by Cmdr.
John Foley | Keppler Speakers Rare, behind the scenes footage of John flying with the Blue Angels.
John Foley - Wikipedia Extensive aircraft maintenance is performed on Sunday evening and Monday by maintenance team members. John J. Magda 1950, Killed in Action March 1951, Russell J. Bartlett Sept 2002 to Sept 2004. One of the pilots from the Russian Knights Aerobatic Flight Team appeared very aggressive, poking him in the chest with his finger as he tried to establish his dominance, saying You pilot, me pilot.. Kuss had performed the maneuver too low while failing to retard the throttle out of afterburner, causing him to fall too fast and recover too low above the ground. 0000043105 00000 n John employs the intense realities of his aviation career as a metaphor to inspire - breath life into - teams to reach for their highest potential and sustain excellence under dynamic change.
John Foley, Blue Angel Lead Solo Pilot & Bestselling Author - Capitol John Foley on Leadership, Trust & Change | Premium Speakers As he remarks in his new self-help guide, Glad to Be Here, he was the last person in the world to believe that a little kid from rural southwest Georgia, a struggling student, could grow up to be a member of the famous Blue Angels. . 0000040437 00000 n
About Us | Solairus Aviation In May 1947, flight leader Lt. Cmdr. A unique approach that equips others to take the same journey toward excellence, teamwork. Jeff Kuss (Opposing Solo, #6) 2 June 2016: died just after takeoff while performing the Split-S maneuver in his F/A-18 Hornet during a practice run for The Great Tennessee Air Show in, Lt. John R. Dewenter 2 August 1958: landed wheels up at, Lt. Ernie Christensen 30 August 1970: belly-landed his F-4J Phantom at, Cmdr. They have a mindset, culture and processes that make high performance not only possible but predictable, repeatable, and transferable to any team that aspires to greatness. [4], As of November 2011, the Blue Angels received $37million annually from the annual Department of Defense budget. Rear Admiral Ralph Davison personally selected Lieutenant Commander Roy Marlin "Butch" Voris, a World War II fighter ace, to assemble and train a flight demonstration team, naming him Officer-in-Charge and Flight Leader. The only online daily news media service in the Wood River Valley. [19][90], The "Blues" have flown ten different demonstration aircraft and six support aircraft models:[91][92]. As a Blue Angel, John consistently performed in an extreme, high-stakes environment, flying at speeds of more than 500 miles per hour in formations as close as 18 inches apart. Before hitting his performance peak, John made a flight mistake that could have ended his career and another pilot's life. A contagious attitude of gratitude that he calls Glad To Be Here. A permanent flight surgeon position and administration officer was added to the team. The power and aerodynamics of the Hornet allows them to perform a slow, high angle of attack "tail sitting" maneuver, and to fly a "dirty" (landing gear down) formation loop.[59][60]. An estimated 11 million spectators view the squadron during air shows from March through November each year. To prevent blood from pooling in their legs, Blue Angel pilots have developed a method for tensing their muscles to prevent blood from pooling in their lower extremities, possibly rendering them unconscious. . Foley, a member of Ketchums American Legion, spoke at the first fundraiser in the 80-year history of the David Ketchum American Legion Post 115 this past weekend. [33] The Blue Angels were disbanded,[34] and its pilots were reassigned to a carrier. 4 (slot) position for their second year. Youre pushing one anothers wings youre so close.. 0:00. And we fly lower to the ground, closer to one another, than any other team.. [citation needed], In 2006, the Blue Angels marked their 60th year of performing. Members of the Blue Angels team also visit more than 50,000 people in schools, hospitals, and community functions at air show cities. The famed Blue Angels regularly take to the skies. [2] The "Blues" still employ many of the same practices and techniques used in the inaugural 1946 season. And behind many of those awe-inspiring stunts and scenes was John Foley, Blue Angels pilot, entrepreneur, real estate investor, public speaker, and all-around inspiring human being. Given the green light, he went full afterburners, going supersonic or faster than the speed of sound. [34] In May, the Blue Angels performed at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C. with the Air Force Thunderbirds (activated 25 May 1953). Stretch out your arm, John Gucci Foley, a former lead solo pilot for the Blue Angels, told a crowd at Ketchums American Legion Hall. endobj On 15 March 2014, the demonstration pilots numbered 17 wore gold flight suits to celebrate the team's "return to the skies" during their first air show of the season;[82] there were only three air shows in 2013. Commander Raleigh "Dusty" Rhodes[34] during an air show at Beaumont, Texas and added a sixth pilot. On 15 June, Voris led the three Hellcats (numbered 13), specially modified to reduce weight and painted sea blue with gold leaf trim, through their inaugural 15-minute-long performance. John's presentations are highlighted by: An energizing delivery that inspires High Performance with a grateful mindset. The Blue Angels Foundation's mission is to support wounded veterans and provide a path of transition back to the . 6 jet and crashed due to G-force-induced Loss Of Consciousness (G-LOC) during an air show at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort in Beaufort, South Carolina. He climbed 58,000 feet into the sky, marveling at the curvature of the earth that he saw. 0000041194 00000 n Thats how low we would fly, said Foley, who served as a pilot in the movie. John has spoken to some of the highest performing organizations in the world such as, Google, Microsoft, Intel, Cisco, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Goodyear, Chevron, Lowe's, Marriott, Hilton, NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, MLS, NCAA, Penske Racing, Sprint, Motorola, Merrill Lynch, Mass Mutual, AMC Theatre, Norton Lifelock, Capital Group, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, GE, American Hospital Association, Mayo, Merck, Palo Alto Networks, Sunovion, Gillette, McDonalds, Stanford Business School, Global Sports Summit, and numerous CEO Summits to name a few. We start with a conversation with John Foley, the 49-year-old entrepreneur behind Peloton, which is experiencing surging demand for the connected exercise bikes the company pioneered, transforming . John Foley: In the Blue Angels, we did things a little bit differently. An extreme trust makes this maneuver possible, and when that relationship and process is transposed onto the world of business, the results are incredible. [34] The name had originated through a suggestion by Right Wing Pilot Lt. Maurice "Wick" Wickendoll, after he had read about the Blue Angel nightclub in The New Yorker magazine. A typical week during the season has practices at NAS Pensacola on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings. [58], On 8 November 1986, the Blue Angels completed their 40th anniversary year during ceremonies unveiling what would be their aircraft through their 75th anniversary year, the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet. joined the Blue Angels in 1990, served as the narrator, the. About the Author John Foley is a former lead solo pilot of the Blue Angels, a Sloan Fellow at the Stanford School of Business, and an expert in the how of High Performance teams. Commander John Magda; he was killed in action on 8 March 1951.[41]. 4 or slot pilot, was absent from the formation. * This specific fee falls within this range. John Gucci Foley, far right, was among those attending one of Higher Grounds Heroes Journey fundraisers. Lt. Dave Anderson (Lead solo) 12 February 1987: ejected from his Hornet after a dual engine flame-out during practice near El Centro, California. On May 25, Steve "Axel" Foley, former Commander for the U.S. Navy's "Blue Angels" Squadron and former Division Head at TOPGUN, presented to the 101 Executive Alliance on the topic of Deliberate Leadership.
Christopher joined the Blue Angels in September 2021 and has. [53][54] The squadron's mission was redefined by Less to further improve the recruiting effort. The Blue Angel approach to leadership is unique and inspires trust through confidence, with open and honest communication. [3] After serving with the squadron, members return to fleet assignments. - John Foley, Blue Angels I had the privilege this week to hear John Foley, former lead solo pilot for the Blue Angels flight demonstration squadron, as one of the keynote speakers at a technology conference The Diamond, in tight formation and usually at lower speeds (400mph), performs maneuvers such as formation loops, rolls, and transitions from one formation to another. She joins hundreds of other women who have served with the Blue Angels . Foley added that chemistry is a big part of landing a position with the Blue Angels. Changeover Roll a left Echelon barrel roll where the echelon formation changes over to diamond formation after 90 off bank. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 2002 with a Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering. His exciting and unusual life journey knows how to inspire and inspire audiences to take action themselves and rethink what they think is possible. [79][80] In October 2013, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, stating that "community and public outreach is a crucial Departmental activity", announced that the Blue Angels (along with the U.S. Air Force's Thunderbirds) would resume appearing at air shows starting in 2014, although the number of flyovers will continue to be severely reduced.[81]. Our sustainability solutions activate the message with principles and methods teams can use to make elite performance the day-to-day reality. 0000008830 00000 n ", "Blue Angels commander steps down after subpar performance", "EAA Airventure Oshkosh 2011 Facts and Figures", "One-Off "Blue Angels" Ford Mustang Auctioned at Air Show", "Blue Angels Use Biofuel at Patuxent Air Show", "Blue Angels to Soar on Biofuel During Labor Day Weekend Air Show", U.S. Navy Cancels Blue Angels 2013 Performances, "U.S. Navy Cancels Blue Angels 2013 Performances", "Thunderbirds, Blue Angels to Resume Air Shows", "Wearing Gold: The Blue Angels Return To The Skies (March 16, 2014)", "The Blue Angels' New 'Fat Albert' C-130J Probably Has Dual Citizenship", "Get To Know the Blue Angels Pilots Flying Across Dallas-Fort Worth Wednesday", "New in 2021: Blue Angels to start flying F/A-18 Super Hornets", "Blue Angels to make final flight in the legacy F/A/-18 Hornet as they transition to Super Hornets", "Navy's Blue Angels to get 1st female demonstration team pilot: Lt. Amanda Lee will soon train for the 2023 air show season", "Blue Angels: Historical Aircraft - 60+ Years of Aviation Excellence", "Fat Albert C-130 Gives You A Buzz Cut In This Crazy Head-On Takeoff Video", "Richard Cormier; War Hero, Blue Angels Leader", "Robert F. Aumack, Commander, USN (Ret. The team then flies to its show venue for the upcoming weekend on Thursday, conducting "circle and arrival" orientation maneuvers upon arrival. Remember today as the day you became a Blue Angel; look around at your teammates and commit this special bond to memory. 0:39. He was quite the buzz on the conference floor and with our execs!
The Real Life Top Gun's Advice to Become ELITE at Anything 3 pilot moves to the No. Browse the library of TED talks and speakers, 100+ collections of TED Talks, for curious minds, Go deeper into fascinating topics with original video series from TED, Watch, share and create lessons with TED-Ed, Talks from independently organized local events, Inspiration delivered straight to your inbox, Take part in our events: TED, TEDGlobal and more, Find and attend local, independently organized events, Learn from TED speakers who expand on their world-changing ideas, Recommend speakers, TED Prize recipients, Fellows and more, Rules and resources to help you plan a local TEDx event, Bring TED to the non-English speaking world, Join or support innovators from around the globe, TED Conferences, past, present, and future, Details about TED's world-changing initiatives, Updates from TED and highlights from our global community, 26,723 views | John Foley TEDxTysonsSalon. Foley has combined his Blue Angel know-how with years of success as an entrepreneur and venture capitalist to advise more than 1,000 of today's highest-performing organizations, such as Google, the Mayo Clinic, and Procter & Gamble. Its time to take your business to the next level. Greg Wooldridge is only commanding officer to lead The Blue Angels for three separate tours. The Blues use these jets for backups, and to give demonstration rides to VIP (civilians).
Speaker John Foley | Blue Angels Motivational Keynotes The first woman named to the Blue Angels as F/A-18 demonstration pilot was Lt. Amanda Lee, who is a member of the 2023 team. #gladtobehere - the attitude of gratefulness and thankfulness of our opportunities, for the people around us, and for life. From performance to leadership to teamwork and trust, his performances are an experience that will inspire everyone to perform at a level higher than they previously thought possible.